सिकंदर महान
(अलेक्जेंडर द ग्रेट)
| जन्म: | 20/21 जुलाई, 356 ई. पू. (मकदूनियाँ, मेसेडोनिया) |
| मृत्यु: | 10/11 जून, 323 ई. पू. (बेबीलोन) |
| पिता: | फिलीप द्धितीय |
| माता: | ओलिम्पिया |
| जीवनसंगी: | रुखसाना |
| राष्ट्रीयता: | यूनानी |
| शिक्षा: | प्रसिद्ध दार्शनिक अरस्तू ने सिकंदर को शिक्षा दी |
जीवन परिचय :--
प्रारंभिक जीवन:--
सिकंदर को शिक्षा देते हुए अरस्तू:--
विश्वविजयी सिकंदर के युद्ध अभियान:--
युद्ध में शत्रुओं से वीरतापूर्वक लड़ते हुए सिकंदर महान:--
ग्रैनिकस की लड़ाई (Battle of Granicus):--
इस्सुस की लड़ाई (Battle of Issus):--
मिस्र का फिरौन के साथ युद्ध (Pharaoh of Egypt):--
भारत पर आक्रमण:--
निर्वासन और वापसी:--
"ये देखो, यह व्यक्ति आपको यूरोप से एशिया ले जायेगा, जो कि खुद एक सीढ़ी से दूसरे सीढ़ी पर जाने में ही गिर जाता है।"
राज्याभिषेक:--
शक्ति का एकीकरण:--
बाल्कन अभियान:--
भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में अभियान:--
भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में सिकंदर का आक्रमण:--
सिकन्दर और भारत :--
सिकंदर का इतिहास :--
सिकंदर का इतिहास :--
सिकंदर की मृत्यु :--
तथ्य :--
"मैं मौत से नहीं डरता, लेकिन एक छोटा जीवन जीकर मरने से डरता हूँ।"
"मेरी अर्थी पर दो हाथ बाहर निकालकर ले जाना, ताकि दुनिया देखे कि सिकंदर महान खाली हाथ ही इस दुनिया से गया!"
"मैं एक ऐसे समुद्र के सामने खड़ा हूँ, जिसे पार नहीं कर सकता। मेरे पास पूरी दुनिया नहीं है!"
"जब गाँठ खोलने से काम नहीं बनता, तो उसे तोड़ देना चाहिए!"
सिकंदर के बारे में कुछ और बातें:--
सिकंदर को उसके उत्कृष्ट सैन्य आक्रमणों के लिए जाना जाता है।
उसने 30 साल की उम्र में दुनिया के सबसे बड़े साम्राज्य की स्थापना की थी।
उसने मिस्र में नील नदी के किनारे सिकंदरिया नाम का शहर बसाया था।
उसने ग्रीक और एशियाई संस्कृतियों का मिश्रण बनाया, जिसे "हेलनिस्टिक संस्कृति" कहा जाता है।
उसने कई शहरों में भवनों और आधुनिक सुविधाओं का निर्माण करवाया।
उसने अचमेनिद साम्राज्य को पूरी तरह से जीत लिया था।
उसने बीस से ज़्यादा शहरों की स्थापना की थी।
Biography:--
Alexander or Alexander the Great was the Greek ruler of Macedonia. He is also known as Alexander III and Alexander the Macedonian. He is considered one of the most skilled and successful generals in history. By the time of his death, he had conquered almost half of all the lands that the ancient Greeks knew about (the truth is that he was able to conquer only 15 percent of the earth). During his tenure, he conquered Iran, Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Bactria and the ancient Indian part of Kandahar in India, where he defeated the Hindu king Porus [Puru]. It is worth mentioning that the above mentioned regions (not Gandhara and Paurava Rashtra) were part of the Persian Empire at that time and the Persian Empire was about 40 times larger than Alexander's own empire. In Persian he is called Eskandar-e-Maqduni (Alexander of Macedonia, corrupt form of Eskandar is Sikandar) and in Hindi he is called Alaksendra.
Early life:--
Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella, Macedonia, he was the son of King Philip II and Queen Olympias. According to legends, Alexander's real father was the Greek god Ceus, due to which Alexander was considered a god's son. He became a disciple of the great philosopher Aristotle in his adolescence, Alexander was an expert in mathematics, wrestling, history, geography, logic. However, he was best in military matters.
Aristotle teaching Alexander:--
In the war against the allied Greek states, 18-year-old Alexander led the cavalry, which helped Philip in the war. King Philip was assassinated in 336 BC.
World Conqueror Alexander's War Campaigns:--
In 336 BC, Alexander's father Philip was murdered by his bodyguard Pausanias. At the age of just 20, Alexander claimed the throne of Macedonia and killed his rivals before they could challenge his sovereignty. He also suppressed the rebellion for independence in northern Greece. Alexander wanted to establish his power over the whole world, so after conquering Greece, he set out to conquer the whole world.
Alexander the Great fighting enemies valiantly in battle:--
Alexander the Great’s Invasion on Persia
From his accession to the throne, Alexander had grown up with the idea of invading Persia. His official reason behind conquering the Achaemenid Empire was to lead the Greeks in liberation, liberate Greek cities along the Anatolian coast and the island of Cyprus from Persian control, and avenge the Persians’ invasion of Greece under King Xerxes. Alexander was widely successful against Persia.
Battle of Granicus:--
It was fought in 334 BC in modern-day western Turkey. Alexander advanced along the coast of western Turkey, defeating an army of 20,000 Persian cavalry, conquering cities and depriving the Persian navy of bases.
Battle of Issus:--
This important battle was fought in 333 BC near the ancient city of Issus in southern Turkey. The Persians were led by King Darius III. Alexander's army defeated a Persian army twice as large as their own and established his rule over the world's largest empire by executing King Darius.
War of Egypt with the Pharaohs:--
Alexander moved south across the Mediterranean Sea and deprived the Persians of their naval bases. However, several cities surrendered, such as Tyre, which was on an island in modern-day Lebanon, forcing Alexander to occupy it. Alexander entered Egypt, which had been under Persian rule for two centuries, after capturing Gaza in 332 BC. He founded the city of Alexandria on Egypt's northern coast. Alexander had himself crowned as Pharaoh in the Egyptian capital, Memphis, and tried to link himself to the line of Egyptian rulers through a traditional ceremony.
Invasion of India:--
King Abhibhi of Taxila invited Alexander to invade India.
-Military campaign with representative and father
At the age of 20, Alexander returned to the kingdom after receiving education from Aristotle. At the same time Philip waged war against Byzantium, and left Alexander in charge of the kingdom. During Philip's absence, the Thracian Medes revolted against Macedonia. Alexander immediately campaigned against them and drove them out of his territory. Later he also founded a city called Alexandropolis, establishing a colony with the Greeks in the same area.
Philip returned and sent Alexander with a small army to suppress the rebellion in southern Thrace. During the battle against the Greek city of Perinthus, Alexander saved his father's life. Philip, still occupied in Thrace, ordered Alexander to raise an army for a campaign in southern Greece. Lest the other Greek states intervene, Alexander pretended to be preparing to invade Illyria. Meanwhile, the Illyrians launched an attack on Macedonia, which Alexander repulsed.
Philip and his army joined his son in 338 BC, and marched south to attack Thermopylae, which was captured after a strong resistance from the Theban forces. They went on to capture the city of Eleusia, a short distance from Athens and Thebes, where the Athenians, led by Demosthenes, decided to form an alliance with Thebes against Macedonia. Although Philip also sent emissaries to Thebes seeking an alliance against Athens, Thebes sided with Athens. Philip marched to Amphissa, where he defeated the mercenaries sent by Demosthenes and forced the city to surrender. Philip then returned to Eleusia, from where he sent a final peace proposal to Athens and Thebes, which both rejected.
Philip marched south, where his opponents intercepted him near Chaeronea, Boeotia. For the Battle of Chaeronea, Philip ordered the Thebans to hold the right line and Alexander, along with a group of Philip's trusted generals, to hold the left. According to ancient sources, the two sides fought fiercely for some time. Philip deliberately ordered his troops to retreat so that the Athenian troops pursuing him could break through their defenses. Alexander broke the Theban lines first, with Philip's generals behind them. After damaging the enemy's cohesion, Philip ordered his troops to advance and quickly surround them. With the Athenians defeated, the Thebans were left to fight alone and were surrounded. They were eventually defeated.
After the victory at Chaeronea, Philip and Alexander advanced unopposed into the Peloponnese where they were welcomed by all the cities; Although he was rebuffed when he arrived at Sparta, Philip did not resort to war. At Corinth, Philip founded the "Hellenic Alliance" (based on the anti-Persian alliance of the Greco-Persian Wars), which included most of the Greek city-states except Sparta. Philip was named hegon (supreme commander) of the league, and announced his plan to attack the Persian Empire.
Exile and return:--
When Philip returned to Pella, he fell in love with and married Cleopatra Eurydice, the niece of his general Attalus. The marriage threatened Alexander's claim to the throne, as a son by Cleopatra Eurydice would be a fully Macedonian heir, while Alexander was only half Macedonian. During the wedding banquet, Attalus, drunk, publicly prayed to the gods that Macedonia would now have a legitimate heir.
Cleopatra, whom Philip was marrying, was very young, so her uncle Attalus, drunkenly, urged the Macedonians to have a legitimate heir to the kingdom through his niece. Alexander, irritated, threw a cup of wine at his head, saying, "You scoundrel," and asked, "So I am an illegitimate child?" Philip, enraged at Attalus' insult, rose to strike Alexander. But luckily for them both, either in his anger or in his drunkenness, his foot slipped, and he fell to the floor.
At which Alexander insulted him, saying:--
"Look at this man who will take you from Europe to Asia, who himself falls in the process of going from one stair to another."
—-Plutarch describes the dispute in Philip's marriage.
Alexander fled Macedon with his mother, leaving her at Dodona with his uncle, King Alexander I of Epirus, and went to Illyria, where he sought the protection of the Illyrian king. Despite having been defeated by Alexander in battle some years before, he welcomed Alexander as his guest. However, it appears that Philip never wanted to disown his statesmanlike and militarily trained son. Accordingly, Alexander returned to Macedonia after six months, thanks to the efforts of Demaratus, a family friend.
In the following year, Pixodarus, the Persian governor of Caria, proposed the marriage of his eldest daughter to Alexander's half-brother, Philip Arrhideus. Olympias and several of Alexander's friends suggested that Philip intended to make Arrhideus his heir. Alexander sent a messenger to Thessalus to tell Pixodarus that he should offer his daughter's hand to Alexander rather than to an illegitimate son. When Philip heard of this, he stopped the negotiations and shouted at Alexander why he wished to marry Pixodarus' daughter, explaining that he wanted a better bride for him. Philip exiled Alexander's four friends Harpalus, Nearchus, Ptolemy, and Arrhideus, and sent Corinthians to bring him to Thessalus in chains.
Coronation:--
Macedonian Empire, 336 BC
In the summer of 336 BC, while attending the wedding of his daughter Cleopatra at Aegae, Philip was assassinated by Pausanias, the captain of his bodyguard. When Pausanias attempted to flee, two of Alexander's companions, Perdiccas and Leonnatus, pursued and killed him. At the same time, Alexander, at the age of 20, was proclaimed king by the nobles and the army.
Consolidation of power:--
As soon as he took the throne, Alexander began eliminating his rivals. He began by having his cousin, the former Amyntas IV, murdered. He also killed two Macedonian princes of the Lancastrian region, sparing the third, Alexander Lancastrianus. Olympias burned Cleopatra Eurydice and Europa, Philip's daughter, alive. When Alexander found out about this, he was enraged. Alexander also ordered the assassination of Attalus, Cleopatra's uncle and the advance commander of the Asian expeditionary force.
Attalus was at the time in Athens to negotiate with Demosthenes about the possibility of his acquittal. Attalus had insulted Alexander several times, and after the murder of Cleopatra, Alexander considered him too dangerous to leave alive. Alexander left behind Arrhideus, who was possibly mentally disabled as a result of poisoning by Olympias.
The news of Philip's death sparked rebellion in several states, including Thebes, Athens, Thessaly, and the Thracian tribes to the north of Macedon. When news of the revolt reached Alexander, he immediately addressed it. Rather than resort to diplomacy, Alexander mustered a force of 3,000 Macedonian cavalry and marched south into Thessaly. He found the Thessalian army occupying the pass between Mount Olympia and Mount Ossa, and ordered his army to climb Mount Ossa. The next day the Thessalians awoke to find Alexander with his army standing behind them, and they promptly surrendered. Alexander added their cavalry to his own and marched south towards the Peloponnese.
Alexander stopped at Thermopylae, where he was chosen as the leader of the Amphictyonic League, then headed south to Corinth. Athens pleaded for peace, which Alexander accepted, and pardoned the rebels. The famous meeting between Alexander and Diogenes the Cynic occurred during his stay in Corinth. When Alexander asked Diogenes what he could do for them, the philosopher contemptuously told Alexander to stand aside, as he was blocking the sunlight. Alexander was amused by this retort, and said "If I were not Alexander, I would wish to be Diogenes". At Corinth, Alexander was given the title of hegemon ("leader"), just as Philip was appointed commander for the coming war against Persia. Here he also received news of a Thracian revolt.
Balkan Campaign:--
Before crossing into Asia, Alexander wanted to secure his northern borders. In the spring of 335 BC, he set out to suppress a number of revolts. Starting from Amphipolis, he traveled eastward into the country of the "Independent Thracians"; and at Mount Haemus, the Macedonian army attacked and defeated Thracian forces on the heights. Next the army entered the country of the Triballi and defeated their army near the Lyginus River (a tributary of the Danube). Alexander traveled for three days to the Danube, encountering the Getae tribes on the opposite bank along the way. Crossing the river at night, he surprised them and forced their army to retreat after the first cavalry skirmish.
Alexander received news that Celsus, king of Illyria, and Glaucia, king of the Tiulantii, were in open revolt against him. He turned west into Illyria, defeating both rulers one after the other, forcing both rulers to flee with their armies. With these victories, he had secured his northern border.
While Alexander was on his northern expedition, he learned that Thebes and the Athenians had once again revolted, and Alexander immediately moved south. While the other cities hesitated to confront Alexander, Thebes decided to fight. Thebes' resistance was ineffective, and Alexander overcame them, captured the city, and divided the region among the other Boeotian cities. The end of Thebes silenced Athens and brought peace, albeit temporarily, to all of Greece. Alexander then left for his Asian expedition, leaving Antipater as regent.
Campaign in the Indian subcontinent:--
Indian war elephants against Alexander's troops.
After the death of Spitamenes and his new marriage to Roxana, Alexander turned his attention to the Indian subcontinent. He invited all the chiefs of Gandhara (the area of present-day eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan) to submit to Alexander's authority. Ambhi (Greek name Omphi), the ruler of Taxila, whose kingdom extended from the Indus River to the Jhelum River (Hydaspes), accepted, but the chieftains of some of the hill regions, including the Ashvanyas (Asambis) and Ashvakanyas (Andenoi) of the Kamboja region, refused.[33] Ambhi went to Alexander in person with the head of his army, assuring him of his friendship and giving him valuable gifts. Alexander not only restored his rank and gifts, but also gave Ambhi "Persian robes, gold and silver jewelry, 30 horses and 1,000 talents of gold". Alexander divided his army, and Ambhi helped Hephaestion and Pedricus to build a bridge over the Indus River, as well as supplying his troops with food. He welcomed Alexander and his entire army into his capital city of Taxila with the most generous hospitality, the greatest display of friendship.
As Alexander advanced, Taxila also participated in the Battle of the Jhelum River (Hydaspes), supporting him with an army of 5,000 men. After victory in this battle, Alexander sent Ambhi to negotiate with Puruvas (Porus), offering terms such as the transfer of Porus's entire kingdom to Alexander. Since Ambhi and Porus were old enemies, he rejected all terms and Ambhi barely escaped with his life. However, the two rivals were subsequently reconciled by Alexander's personal mediation; And Taxila, in return for contributing equipment and troops to the fleet on the Jhelum, was given the entire region between the Jhelum River and the Indus; he gained further power after the death of Machatus' son Philip; he was allowed to retain his authority even after the death of Alexander (323 BC) and after the division of the provinces at Triparadisus in 321 BC.
Alexander's Invasion of the Indian Subcontinent:--
In the winter of 327/326 BC, Alexander conducted a campaign against regional tribes such as the Aspasioi of the Kunar valleys, the Gurani of the Gurias valley, and the Assaneci of the Swat and Buner valleys. A fierce battle ensued with the Aspasioi in which Alexander was wounded in the shoulder by a javelin, but the Aspasioi were eventually defeated. Alexander then confronted the Assakenoi, fighting at the strongholds of Massaga, Ora, and Aronas.
The fort of Massaga was captured only after a bloody battle in which Alexander's ankle was severely injured. According to Curtius, "not only did Alexander kill the entire population of Massaga, but also reduced all its buildings to rubble." A similar massacre was carried out at Ora. After Massaga and Ora, many of the Aequans fled to the fort of Aeronse. Alexander pursued them and captured this strategic hill-fort after four days of bloody fighting.
After Aeronse, in 326 BC Alexander crossed the Indus and won a great battle against King Porus, who ruled the region between the Jhelum (Hydaspes) and Chenab rivers (Aequans), now known as the Punjab region. Alexander was impressed by Porus' bravery, and made him an ally. He appointed Porus as his concubine, and added to his territory the area he had conquered in the southeast up to the Beas river (Hyphasis). Choosing a local governor helped in the administration of these countries situated so far from Greece. Alexander founded two cities on the opposite side of the Jhelum river, the first was named Bucephala in honor of his horse, which was killed in battle. The second was Nikaia (Victory), which is currently located in Mong, Punjab region.
Alexander's favorite horse was Bucephalus. In his name, he founded a city named Bucephala on the banks of the Jhelum river.
Alexander and India:--
In 326 BC, the Greek ruler Alexander invaded India. Crossing the Indus river in Punjab, Alexander reached Taxila, at that time Chanakya was a teacher in Taxila. The king of that place, Ambhi, accepted Alexander's supremacy. Chanakya urged all the kings to save Indian culture, but no one came to fight Alexander. And many kings of the northwestern region surrendered to Alexander after seeing Taxila.
History of Alexander :--
After this, the emperor who dreamed of conquering the whole world immediately started moving towards the empire of King Porus via Taxila which was situated between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers. With the aim of claiming the kingdom of King Porus, a war broke out between Alexander and King Porus, then King Porus fought bravely with Alexander but despite a lot of struggle and efforts, he had to face defeat. At the same time, Alexander's army also suffered heavy losses in this war.
Let us tell you that King Porus was considered a very powerful ruler. At the same time, King Porus's kingdom was from Jhelum to Chenab river in Punjab.
Porus was defeated in the war but Alexander was very impressed by Porus's bravery, because Alexander was stunned to see the way King Porus fought. And after this Alexander befriended King Porus and also gave him his kingdom and some new areas. Actually Alexander had diplomatic understanding, so for any kind of help in future, he maintained friendly relations with Porus in practical terms.
History of Alexander:--
After that Alexander's army fought with small Hindu republics. In this, the battle with the Kath Republic was quite big. Let us tell you that the people of Kath caste were known for their courage.
It is also believed that Acharya Chanakya also had a great contribution in bringing all these republics together. All these republics had also caused a lot of damage to Alexander, due to which Alexander's army was very scared.
Alexander reached the Vyas river, but he had to return from there. Because after fighting the war with the Kaths, his army refused to move forward. Actually, the king of Nandvanshi across the Vyas river had 20 thousand cavalry soldiers, 2 lakh infantry soldiers, 2 thousand 4 horse chariots and about 6 thousand elephants.
Alexander wanted to conquer the whole of India, but he had to return from the Vyas river due to the will of his soldiers.
Death of Alexander:--
When Emperor Alexander, who had a dream of ruling the whole world, reached Babylon in 323 BC, he was struck by a severe fever (Typhoid). Thus, Alexander died on 10 June 323 BC at the age of 33.
Fact:--
When Alexander's coffin was being carried after his death, both his hands were hanging outside the coffin. Because before his death he had said that when I die, do not keep my hands inside the coffin, Alexander wanted his hands to be outside the coffin.
He wanted to show the whole world that the one who conquered the world, who filled everything in his hands, even those hands are empty after death. Just as a man comes into the world empty-handed, similarly he has to go empty-handed, no matter how great he becomes.
"I am not afraid of death, but I am afraid of dying after living a short life." — Alexander the Great
While dying, he said –
"Carry my bier with two hands out, so that the world can see that Alexander the Great left this world empty-handed!"
Alexander defeated the Persian king Darius III. After the war, Darius' wife and daughters came under Alexander's possession.
Everyone was afraid that Alexander would treat them badly, but he respected the queen and princesses completely. He said –
"I am a warrior, not a barbarian. I do not raise my hand on the women of my enemies."
This shows his generosity and decency.
When he stood on the seashore, he shed tears and said –
"I am standing in front of an ocean that I cannot cross. I do not have the whole world!"
This story shows that Alexander's ambition was limitless.
Alexander said –
"When opening the knot does not work, it should be broken!"
After this, he became the conqueror of Asia.
Some more things about Alexander:-
Alexander is known for his excellent military invasions.
He established the world's largest empire at the age of 30.
He founded a city named Alexandria on the banks of the Nile River in Egypt.
He created a mixture of Greek and Asian cultures, which is called "Hellenistic culture".
He built buildings and modern facilities in many cities.
He completely conquered the Achaemenid Empire.
He founded more than twenty cities.
Question: - Who defeated Alexander?
Answer: - King Porus tried to defeat Alexander the Great. This war took place in the area between Jhelum (Hydaspes) and Chenab River (Aciens). This area is now a part of Punjab.
Question: - How did the war take place?
Answer: - Alexander crossed the Indus in 326 BC.
There was a fierce battle between the armies of Alexander and Porus.
Porus fought valiantly and was defeated after a lot of struggle.
Porus had placed his army's elephants in front of Alexander's army.
Alexander's victory was complete and Porus surrendered.
Question:- How many countries did Alexander conquer?
Answer:- Alexander the Great conquered many countries in his empire, including Persia, Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Bactria, and parts of India. He fought many wars to expand his empire.
Question:- Countries conquered by Alexander?
Answer:- Persia, Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Bactria, Kandahar of India, Afghanistan.
Question:- What was Alexander the Great called in Hindi?
Answer:- Alexander or Alexander the Great was the Greek administrator of Macedonia. He is also known as Alexander III and Alexander Macedonian. In history, he is considered one of the most skilled and successful generals.
Question: Who was the king who conquered the whole world?
Answer: Athens: Alexander the Great is given the title of world conqueror. At the age of 32, he conquered an empire that extended from the Balkans to modern Pakistan. This made him the master of the largest empire in the ancient world.
Question: What did Alexander say while dying?
Answer: While dying, Alexander the Great expressed his wish to hang his hands outside the bier. He also said that his wealth should be scattered on the path carrying his funeral procession. Alexander expressed these wishes so that people could understand that we come to this world empty-handed and also leave empty-handed.
Question: When did Alexander come to India?
Answer: Alexander invaded India during the reign of Dhanananda. Alexander came to India in 326 BC. Alexander conquered Iran and Iraq as well as Asia Minor.
Question: Who saved Alexander's life?
Answer: At the Battle of Granicus in 334 BC, when Alexander was being attacked by both Rosas and Spithridates, Cleitus cut off Spithridates' arm before the Persian satrap could strike Alexander, thus saving his life.
Question: What was the name of Alexander's horse?
Answer: The name of Alexander the Great's horse was Bucephalus. It was one of the most famous horses in world history.
Bucephalus |
Color | Black |
Forehead | Had a white star |
Breed | Thessalian |
Feature | Exceptional strength and stubborn nature |
With Alexander | Involved in many battles and campaigns |
Some more things about Bucephalus:-
In the name of Bucephalus, Alexander established a city named Bucephalus on the banks of the Jhelum River.
It is believed that Bucephalus was located near modern Jalalpur.
It is said that once Bucephalus was taken prisoner during the war, then Alexander threatened to destroy the whole country if he was not returned.
Ancient accounts tell that Bucephalus died in 326 BC after the Battle of Hydaspes.
Alexander the Great was the king of the ancient Greek state of Macedon. He was born in 356 BC.
The second was Nikaia (Victory), which is currently located in Mong, Punjab region. Alexander's favorite horse was Bucephalus. In his name, he established a city named Bucephala on the banks of the Jhelum River.
Question: - Who was Alexander's teacher?
Answer: - The name of the teacher of 'world conqueror' Alexander the Great was Aristotle. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher. He is considered to be the most brilliant disciple of Plato. Aristotle introduced Alexander to various aspects of philosophy, science, literature, and art.
Question: - What happened to Alexander's wife and son?
Answer: - How did Roxana die? After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, a power struggle broke out among his generals to become his successor. One of them, Cassander, captured Roxana in Macedonia in 316. Roxana was imprisoned and Cassander executed her and her son, Alexander IV, in 310.